Country Archer Beef Jerky 8 Oz
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world'southward favorite flick characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald mantle and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy globe.
In honor of the 80th ceremony of the moving picture, follow the xanthous brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more than about the secrets and fun facts that brand the dearest moving-picture show a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Picture show
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum'south Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which graphic symbol the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed piece of work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week bargain. In the cease, Hamilton was on set for iii months, only many of her scenes were cutting for being also scary for audiences.
Dorothy'south Original Await Was More Movie Star Than Subcontract Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't demand prosthetics or aluminum makeup, simply that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the fourth dimension, the 16-year-old Garland had to wearable a corset-similar device so she looked more than like a preadolescent child.
Manager Richard Thorpe suggested Garland clothing a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (every bit whatever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the graphic symbol changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart motility.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Bang-up Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Urban center, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the lesser of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — W Westward West."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Unsafe
One of the Wicked Witch'south concluding-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Magician of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more breathy toxic connection than that.
All that magical snowfall? Information technology'due south actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the fabric were known at the time, it was even so Hollywood'due south preferred choice for simulated snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't take hold of any snowflakes on your natural language.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Homo'southward) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge corporeality of bug for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'due south makeup feel was ameliorate than Ebsen'south, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow'south makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'southward face up that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first have, the smoke rose from a subconscious trapdoor likewise early.
For the second have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the fire flared upwardly. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwards instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face. To brand matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flight monkeys — or Winged Monkeys every bit they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Well-nigh as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of pianoforte wires.
Withal, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the pianoforte wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to aid populate the heaven.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cut Room Flooring
To no ane'due south surprise, the American Picture show Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #i on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Simply what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song fabricated the Kansas scenes also long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the song's pregnant. Luckily, this unfounded business organization melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound panthera leo costume, Jack Haley didn't have it like shooting fish in a barrel either. From the lingering concerns near the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so potent that he had to lean against a board to remainder properly. Many years later on, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't aid folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Homo Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Even so, Ebsen's new graphic symbol, the Tin Human being, acquired him a world of problems. Namely, the character'southward silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the terminal film, his vocals tin exist heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of applied special effects that actually hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-human foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to go far look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwardly Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular graphic symbol in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The pic went on to brand roughly $8 million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was improve than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — but it still didn't reflect the film's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $fifty per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the domestic dog earned $125 per calendar week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual panthera leo used in the studio's title bill of fare — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from existent lion peel. Nevertheless, the arc lights used on fix fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his graphic symbol's nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the adjacent 24-hour interval.
The Initial Box Role Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'south nearly $50 million adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $iii 1000000 at the box office — about $51.eight 1000000 by today'south standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era movie, remember that Disney fabricated $8 million with Snowfall White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.Southward. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — simply success overseas fortunately bolstered the motion picture'southward returns.
The Night Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was just xvi years old when she was bandage as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to help them sleep later on studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and caput Louis B. Mayer], who considered her piffling more than their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'south characteristic-length animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Non only did the film revolutionize the blitheness manufacture, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful motion-picture show of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited function in Oz. During the Tin can Human's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art grand Romeo?"
The Blood-red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'due south iconic footwear was originally argent, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, merely the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only I Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic hazard story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another globe — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Nevertheless, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Every bit was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the motion picture is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is ane of the most dearest dogs in picture history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special furnishings and tin ofttimes exist seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — similar when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch'southward guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to discover ane that resembled the original canine thespian more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was and so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton too believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to testify kids information technology was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-chosen Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was likewise a sad, lonely effigy. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked too takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just equally amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Homo and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a unlike colour" was made possible cheers to a surprising nutrient item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick upward the sweet care for. Just the colorful steed isn't the just interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn wagon was once owned past President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in lodge to give life to this fantasy flick. To keep upwardly with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive before five:00 in the morning — six days a calendar week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Moving picture
The film is brimming-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the keen fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history likewise. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping iii of the picture show'south lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There's no place similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're non in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the pic is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl's feet. However, fire strikes the Witch'south hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make it look more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which ofttimes heated the fix to a toasty 100 degrees.
Later on the lights were prepare, the experts experimented with what would look all-time on film, especially in colorized form. For instance, the white role of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — but because it filmed improve. And the oil the Tin can Man is so excited about? It'south actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than Than One Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a business firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the Eastward, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the Eastward — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedchamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the moving picture makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Flick's Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The offset cutting of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like zip by today'south Marvel moving picture standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Subsequently cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the movie was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2d preview screening, and, subsequently, nixed Dorothy'south "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Urban center reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West functioning besides frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Only not everyone thought her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the flick'south starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'due south Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing bout the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," every bit opposed to the more apt "Colour Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire motion picture was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a small-scale syntactical fake pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the pic turning into total three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the motion picture'due south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), calculation acceptance to this theory.
I of History'due south Almost-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another flick released the same yr, too directed past Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may have heard of that fiddling flick — information technology's called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM'south musical fantasy may accept more than staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in function to re-releases.
The film was first broadcast on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 1000000 viewers. It's believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is 1 of the x almost-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of almanac television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
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